// These two have the same value
new String("test").equals("test") // --> true 
// ... but they are not the same object
new String("test") == "test" // --> false 
// ... neither are these
new String("test") == new String("test") // --> false 
// ... but these are because literals are interned by 
// the compiler and thus refer to the same object
"test" == "test" // --> true 
// concatenation of string literals happens at compile time,
// also resulting in the same object
"test" == "te" + "st" // --> true
// but .substring() is invoked at runtime, generating distinct objects
"test" == "!test".substring(1) // --> false
// interned strings can also be recalled by calling .intern()
"test" == "!test".substring(1).intern() // --> true