Encapsulation is the technique of making the fields in a class private and providing access to the fields via public methods. If a field is declared private, it cannot be accessed by anyone outside the class, thereby hiding the fields within the class. For this reason, encapsulation is also referred to as data hiding.

Type Member Access Modifiers:

We use access modifiers such as private, public, protected. It provides a way to protect data. An access modifier allows you to specify the visibility.

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
namespace Encapsulation
{
    class EncapTest
    {
        private String custId; //private members
        private String name;  //private members
        private int age;     //private members
        private int openingBalance;  //private members
        public String getCustID()  //Creating Public methods to manipulating private data
        {
            return custId;
        }
        public int getCustAge()
        {
            return age;
        }
        public String getCustName()
        {
            return name;
        }
        public int getCustOpeBal()
        {
            return openingBalance;
        }
        public void setCustId(String newId)
        {
            custId = newId;
        }
        public void setCustAge(int newAge)
        {
            age = newAge;
        }
        public void setCustName(String newName)
        {
            name = newName;
        }
        public void setOpeBal(int newBal)
        {
            openingBalance = newBal;
        }
    }
    class Program
    {       
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            EncapTest encap = new EncapTest();
            encap.setCustName("Ramesh"); //setting the value in private member through public methods
            encap.setCustAge(20);
            encap.setCustId("123");
            encap.setOpeBal(5000);
            Console.WriteLine("ID : " + encap.getCustID() + "\n" + "Name : " + encap.getCustName() + "\n" + "Age : " + encap.getCustAge() + "\n" + "Opening Balance : " + encap.getCustOpeBal());
        }
    }
}

The public methods are the access points to this class's fields from the outside class. Normally these methods are referred as getters and setters. Therefore any class that wants to access the variables should access them through these getters and setters.

Output:-

ID : 123

Name : Ramesh

Age : 20

Opening Balance : 5000