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How is data organized in IndexedDB?

Ponu Maurya 293 01 Jul 2025

Ponu Maurya

Student

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1 Answers

Ponu Maurya 01 Jul 2025

In IndexedDB, data is organized in a structured, hierarchical format that allows efficient storage and retrieval of complex objects. Here's a breakdown of the structure:

Data Organization in IndexedDB

1. Database

The top-level container.
Each origin (domain + protocol) can have multiple databases.
Created/opened with indexedDB.open(name, version).

2. Object Stores (like tables)

Contain actual records (JavaScript objects).

Each object store has:

A key path (e.g., "id").
Optionally, auto-increment keys.
Example: users, orders, posts object stores.

db.createObjectStore('users', { keyPath: 'id', autoIncrement: true });

3. Records (stored objects)

Each entry in an object store.

Key-value pair: the key is unique in that store.

Example:

{
  id: 1,
  name: "Alice",
  email: "alice@example.com"
}

4. Indexes (for fast lookup)

Optional but powerful.
Allow fast querying on fields other than the primary key.
Can be unique (no duplicates) or not.

store.createIndex('emailIndex', 'email', { unique: true });

5. Transactions

All reads/writes must happen in a transaction.
Can be read-only or read-write.
Multiple object stores can be accessed in a single transaction.

Hierarchy Summary

IndexedDB
│
└── Database (e.g., 'AppDB')
    │
    ├── Object Store: 'users'
    │   ├── Record: { id: 1, name: 'Alice' }
    │   ├── Record: { id: 2, name: 'Bob' }
    │   └── Index: 'emailIndex' on 'email'
    │
    └── Object Store: 'orders'
        └── Record: { id: 101, userId: 1, item: 'Book' }

Example Flow

const request = indexedDB.open('AppDB', 1);

request.onupgradeneeded = (e) => {
    const db = e.target.result;
    const userStore = db.createObjectStore('users', { keyPath: 'id' });
    userStore.createIndex('email', 'email', { unique: true });
};

request.onsuccess = (e) => {
    const db = e.target.result;

    const tx = db.transaction('users', 'readwrite');
    const store = tx.objectStore('users');
    store.add({ id: 1, name: "Alice", email: "alice@example.com" });
};

Key Takeaways

Database → contains Object Stores
Object Stores → contain Records
Indexes → speed up lookups on fields
All operations happen inside Transactions

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