What is the $rootScope, and how is it different from $scope?

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Khushi Singh · Answer

AngularJS uses
$rootScope and $scope to achieve data binding between controllers, but maintains them as separate elements in the scope hierarchy.
$rootScope
Every AngularJS application contains one single $rootScope instance that spans across the entire application scope. The application creates the scope during initialization and makes it usable by all controllers and directives throughout the application. The $rootScope enables application data sharing between different parts because these variables and functions remain accessible to any child $scope definition.
$scope
Every controller receives its own local $scope object which functions as a scope object. The $scope exists solely within the scope of a controller to establish communication between controller data and view presentation. The controllers operate independently from each other because each has its dedicated $scope which cannot influence the scopes of other controllers unless direct communication exists between them.
Key Differences
The $rootScope functions as a universal application-wide variable, yet $scope restricts its data to specific controller domains.When $scope exists underneath $rootScope, it can reach properties defined at $rootScope, although $rootScope cannot access those defined at $scope.The data sharing behavior differs between $rootScope variables that spread across all controllers and $scope variables that remain available only inside their controller.
app.controller('MainController', function($scope, $rootScope) {
 $rootScope.globalMessage = "This is available everywhere!";
 $scope.localMessage = "This is only in MainController";
});
The globalMessage can be reached from any controller but the 
localMessage requires MainController to function. Minimize $rootScope usage to prevent global state issues in applications.
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What is the $rootScope, and how is it different from $scope?

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