What is the difference between ref and out parameters in C#?

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Khushi Singh · Answer

The
C# programming language employs ref as well as out for reference argument passing which lets changes in method scope affect their external values. The two keywords serve different purposes in reference argument handling due to differences in their initial and functional aspects.
A variable passed to a method with ref keyword needs initialization before the method receives it. The method receives proper input data for modification purposes because of this requirement. A method that uses the ref parameter can read and write changeable values throughout its execution.
A method receiving an out keyword variable can proceed without any initialization requirement. The method operation needs to set an outgoing value for the out parameter prior to ending. Out provides a valuable solution because methods can send multiple return values without returning anything from the method block.
For example, consider ref:
void ModifyRef(ref int x) 
{
   x += 10; // Modify the value
}
int num = 5;
ModifyRef(ref num); // num is now 15
Here, num must be initialized before passing it to the method.
Now, consider out:
void GetValues(out int x, out int y) 
{
   x = 10; // Must be assigned before returning
   y = 20;
}
int a, b;
GetValues(out a, out b); // Now a = 10, b = 20
Extending from the previous case, this method requires initialization of a and b inside the method declaration.
You should employ ref if you want to edit an established value while using 
out if you require your method to produce multiple outputs without needing any initialization declaration.
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What is the difference between ref and out parameters in C#?

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