What's the difference between the “ref” and “out” keywords in C#?

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Aryan Kumar · Answer

The ref and out keywords in C# are used to pass parameters by reference. However, there are some key differences between the two keywords.
ref parameters can be initialized before they are passed to the method.
out parameters cannot be initialized before they are passed to the method.ref parameters can be used to modify the value of the variable that is passed to the method.
out parameters can only be used to get the value of the variable that is passed to the method.
In other words, ref parameters allow for bi-directional data flow, while
out parameters only allow for unidirectional data flow.
Here is an example of how the ref keyword can be used:
C#
int myNumber = 10;
void DoSomething(ref int number)
{
    number = 20;
}
DoSomething(ref myNumber);
Console.WriteLine(myNumber); // This will print 20
In this example, the DoSomething() method takes a ref parameter called
number. The ref keyword tells the compiler that the 
number parameter is a reference to the myNumber variable. This means that any changes that are made to the
number parameter in the DoSomething() method will be reflected in the
myNumber variable.
Here is an example of how the out keyword can be used:
C#
int myNumber = 10;
int AnotherNumber;
void DoSomething(out int number)
{
    number = 20;
}
DoSomething(out AnotherNumber);
Console.WriteLine(AnotherNumber); // This will print 20
In this example, the DoSomething() method takes an out parameter called
number. The out keyword tells the compiler that the 
number parameter is a reference to a new variable that will be created in the
DoSomething() method. This means that the number parameter cannot be initialized before it is passed to the
DoSomething() method. However, the number parameter can be used to get the value of the new variable that is created in the
DoSomething() method.

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What's the difference between the “ref” and “out” keywords in C#?

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