What is the role of the arithmetic logic unit (ALU) in a microprocessor?

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Krishnapriya Rajeev · Answer

The Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU) of a microprocessor performs arithmetic and logical operations on binary data. The ALU is responsible for performing all the arithmetic operations, such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division, and logical operations such as AND, OR, and NOT.
ALU consists of the following components:
Input registers: The input registers store the binary data that is input to the ALU for processing.Arithmetic circuits: The arithmetic circuits perform arithmetic operations such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division. These circuits are usually made up of logic gates such as AND, OR, and XOR gates.Logic circuits: The logic circuits perform logical operations such as AND, OR, and NOT. These circuits are also made up of logic gates.Output register: The output register stores the result of the operation performed by the ALU.
The ALU receives input data from the input registers and performs the requested arithmetic or logical operation based on the control signals received from the control unit. The result of the operation is then stored in the output register.
In addition to the above-mentioned basic components, modern ALUs may also include additional components such as
barrel shifters for shifting data left or right, and carry lookahead circuits for improving the speed of addition and subtraction operations.
and 
For example:
To perform addition, the ALU takes two binary numbers and adds them bit by bit, starting from the least significant bit and moving toward the most significant bit. If there is a carry bit generated during the addition operation, it is passed on to the next bit position for the next addition operation. The final result is stored in a register.

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What is the role of the arithmetic logic unit (ALU) in a microprocessor?

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