What are deadlock handling techniques in the Operating System?

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Aryan Kumar · Answer

Deadlock is a situation that occurs when two or more processes are blocked and waiting for each other to release resources. This can cause the system to become unresponsive and can significantly impact system performance. To handle deadlock, there are several techniques that can be used in the operating system. Some of the most common deadlock handling techniques are:
Prevention: This technique involves designing the system in such a way that deadlock can never occur. This is achieved by ensuring that at least one of the four necessary conditions for deadlock (mutual exclusion, hold and wait, no preemption, and circular wait) does not occur. Prevention can be expensive and can reduce system performance, so it is not always the best option.Avoidance: This technique involves ensuring that the system does not enter a deadlock state by using algorithms that can predict if a resource allocation request will result in a deadlock. The system will only grant resource requests that do not lead to a deadlock state. This technique requires a lot of computation and can be resource-intensive.Detection and Recovery: This technique involves detecting when a deadlock has occurred and taking steps to recover from it. One common approach is to use an algorithm that periodically checks for deadlock. If a deadlock is detected, the system will then recover from it by releasing resources or killing processes.Ignoring Deadlock: In some cases, it may be less expensive to simply ignore deadlock and let the processes remain blocked until the system is restarted or the resources are manually released.
Overall, choosing the best deadlock handling technique depends on the specific requirements of the system and the resources available. Prevention and avoidance are often the preferred techniques but may not always be practical or feasible. Detection and recovery or ignoring deadlock are alternative options that can be used in these situations.

Krishnapriya Rajeev · Answer

Deadlock is a situation in which two or more processes are blocked waiting for each other to release resources they need to proceed, resulting in a state of inactivity. The operating system must provide some mechanisms to detect, prevent and recover from deadlock situations. Here are some deadlock-handling techniques:
Prevention: Deadlock prevention involves preventing the occurrence of deadlocks by eliminating one of the four necessary conditions for deadlock. This can be achieved through methods such as resource ordering, which involves defining a standard order in which resources must be requested and released to ensure that no circular wait can occur. Another technique is to use a timeout mechanism, which involves releasing a resource after a certain amount of time if it is not being used.Avoidance: Deadlock avoidance involves detecting the possibility of a deadlock before it occurs and then taking appropriate measures to avoid it. This can be achieved by using algorithms such as Banker's algorithm, which considers the current state of the system and the future resource needs of each process to determine if a request for resources should be granted or not.Detection and recovery: Deadlock detection and recovery involves detecting and resolving deadlocks using an algorithm that monitors circular wait situations and terminates one or more processes to eliminate the deadlock. At regular intervals, the system state is assessed to determine if a group of processes is deadlocked. If a deadlock is detected, a process is terminated and restarted, releasing all the resources it was holding.Ignoring: Deadlock ignoring involves not taking any action to prevent, avoid, or recover from deadlocks. This technique is often used in systems where deadlocks are rare or have minimal impact on the overall system performance.

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What are deadlock handling techniques in the Operating System?

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