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1 Answers

ICSM Computer
ICSM Computer 02 Apr 2026
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Agile methodology in software engineering is a flexible and iterative approach to developing software where requirements and solutions evolve through collaboration between teams and stakeholders.

Instead of building the entire product in one go (like traditional models such as Waterfall), Agile focuses on small, incremental releases and continuous improvement.

Key Idea

Agile = Build → Test → Get Feedback → Improve → Repeat

Core Principles (from the Agile Manifesto)

Agile is based on four main values:

  • Individuals and interactions over processes and tools
  • Working software over comprehensive documentation
  • Customer collaboration over contract negotiation
  • Responding to change over following a fixed plan

How Agile Works

Agile development is divided into short cycles called iterations or sprints (usually 1–4 weeks):

  1. Planning – Decide what features to build
  2. Development – Code the features
  3. Testing – Verify functionality
  4. Review – Get feedback from stakeholders
  5. Release – Deliver working software

This cycle repeats continuously.

Popular Agile Frameworks

  • Scrum
    Uses sprints, daily standups, and roles like Scrum Master
  • Kanban
    Focuses on visual boards and continuous delivery
  • Extreme Programming (XP)
    Emphasizes coding practices like pair programming and TDD

Advantages

  • Faster delivery of features
  • Better handling of changing requirements
  • Continuous customer feedback
  • Improved product quality
  • Higher team collaboration

Disadvantages

  • Less predictable timelines
  • Requires active stakeholder involvement
  • Can lead to scope creep if not managed well
  • Documentation may be lighter

Simple Example

Instead of building a full e-commerce website in 6 months:

  • Sprint 1 → Login system
  • Sprint 2 → Product listing
  • Sprint 3 → Cart functionality
  • Sprint 4 → Payment integration

Each sprint delivers a usable part of the system.

When to Use Agile

  • Requirements are unclear or frequently changing
  • You need fast delivery and continuous updates
  • Customer feedback is important
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