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Anubhav Sharma
Anubhav Sharma

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The Anubhav portal was launched in March 2015 at the behest of the Hon'ble Prime Minister for retiring government officials to leave a record of their experiences while in Govt service .

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1 Answers

Anubhav Sharma
Anubhav Sharma 29 Mar 2026
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Dependency Injection (DI) in ASP.NET Core is a core design pattern used to decouple components, improve testability, and make your application maintainable and scalable.

What is Dependency Injection?

Dependency Injection means:

Instead of a class creating its own dependencies, those dependencies are provided (injected) from outside.

Without DI (Bad Practice)

public class ArticleService
{
    private readonly SqlRepository _repo;

    public ArticleService()
    {
        _repo = new SqlRepository(); // tightly coupled
    }
}

Problems:

  • Hard to test
  • Hard to replace implementation
  • Tight coupling

With DI (Good Practice)

public class ArticleService
{
    private readonly IRepository _repo;

    public ArticleService(IRepository repo)
    {
        _repo = repo; // injected
    }
}

Built-in DI in ASP.NET Core

Unlike old ASP.NET MVC, ASP.NET Core has DI built-in.

You configure it in:

Program.cs

Step 1: Register Services

builder.Services.AddScoped<IRepository, SqlRepository>();
builder.Services.AddScoped<IArticleService, ArticleService>();

Step 2: Use in Controller

public class ArticleController : Controller
{
    private readonly IArticleService _service;

    public ArticleController(IArticleService service)
    {
        _service = service;
    }
}

ASP.NET Core automatically injects it.

Service Lifetimes (Very Important)

1. Transient

AddTransient<IService, Service>();

New instance every time

2. Scoped (Most used)

AddScoped<IService, Service>();

One instance per request

3. Singleton

AddSingleton<IService, Service>();

One instance for entire app

Which one should YOU use?

Based on your project:

Use Case Lifetime
DB Context / Repository Scoped
Business Services Scoped
Utility (stateless) Singleton
Lightweight helper Transient

Why DI is Important (Real Benefits)

1. Loose Coupling

You can switch:

SqlRepository → MongoRepository

without changing business logic

2. Testability

You can inject mock:

var mockRepo = new Mock<IRepository>();

3. Better Performance Control

With proper lifetime:

  • Avoid memory leaks
  • Avoid unnecessary object creation

4. Clean Architecture

Supports:

  • Repository Pattern
  • Service Layer
  • Unit of Work

DI in ASP.NET Core =
“Framework automatically provides required objects to your classes instead of you creating them manually.”

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