What are the access modifiers and their scopes in Java?

Ashutosh Patel 1644 22 Jul 2024

1 Answers

Ashutosh Patel 22 Jul 2024

Access Modifiers in Java

access modifiers are keywords used to describe the accessibility of classes, variables, methods, and constructors. There are four access modifiers in Java, each with its own scope of visibility.

public
The public modifier allows the widest access.
Public members can be accessed from another class, regardless of relationship to a package or subclass.
Example- public class MyClass { ... } .

protected
Protected modifier allow subclasses (within the same package or different packages) to access within the same package.
Without subclasses, classes in packages are inaccessible.
Example- protected int num

default (no modifier)
The default access modifier (also known as package-private) means that no explicit modifier is used.
It only allows access to the same package.
Example: class AnotherClass { ... } (without explicit variables) .

private
The private modifier only restricts access to the same class.
This is the most restrictive form of entry.
Example: private String name;

// Example of access modifiers in a class
public class Example {
   public int publicVar; // Public variable
   protected int protectedVar; // Protected variable
   int defaultVar; // Default (package-private) variable
   private int privateVar; // Private variable
   
   // Constructor with different access modifiers
   public Example() {
       // Constructor code
   }
   
   protected Example(int protectedVar) {
       // Constructor code
   }
   
   Example(int defaultVar) {
       // Constructor code
   }
   
   private Example(int privateVar) {
       // Constructor code
   }
   
   // Methods with different access modifiers
   public void publicMethod() {
       // Method code
   }
   
   protected void protectedMethod() {
       // Method code
   }
   
   void defaultMethod() {
       // Method code
   }
   
   private void privateMethod() {
       // Method code
   }
}

// Example of access modifiers in a class
public class Example {
   public int publicVar; // Public variable
   protected int protectedVar; // Protected variable
   int defaultVar; // Default (package-private) variable
   private int privateVar; // Private variable
   
   // Constructor with different access modifiers
   public Example() {
       // Constructor code
   }
   
   protected Example(int protectedVar) {
       // Constructor code
   }
   
   Example(int defaultVar) {
       // Constructor code
   }
   
   private Example(int privateVar) {
       // Constructor code
   }
   
   // Methods with different access modifiers
   public void publicMethod() {
       // Method code
   }
   
   protected void protectedMethod() {
       // Method code
   }
   
   void defaultMethod() {
       // Method code
   }
   
   private void privateMethod() {
       // Method code
   }
}

It is important to check the visibility of classes and their members in Java programs, and to understand and properly use modifying methods.

Also, Read: Explain the difference between == and equals() in Java.

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What are the access modifiers and their scopes in Java?

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Access Modifiers in Java