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What is microprocessor 8086 ?

Anonymous User 2333 10-Feb-2019

MICRO PROCESSOR 8086 ?

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computer science processor

Updated on 03-Apr-2019

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Shrikant Mishra

11-Feb-2019

Microprocessor 8086 - Overview

The Intel 8086 is a 16-bit microprocessor developed by Intel in 1978. It was the first x86 processor and laid the foundation for modern computer architecture.

Features of the 8086 Microprocessor

Feature	Description
Data Bus	16-bit (processes 16-bit data at a time)
Address Bus	20-bit (can access up to 1 MB memory)
Registers	General-purpose and segment registers
Clock Speed	5 MHz to 10 MHz
Pipelining	Uses prefetch queue (fetch-decode-execute)
Modes of Operation	Minimum Mode (single processor) & Maximum Mode (multiprocessor)
Memory Segmentation	Uses segmentation (Code, Data, Stack, Extra segments)

Architecture of 8086

The 8086 microprocessor has two main units:

Bus Interface Unit (BIU) – Handles memory and I/O operations.
Execution Unit (EU) – Executes instructions.

8086 Registers

General-Purpose Registers (AX, BX, CX, DX)
Segment Registers (CS, DS, SS, ES)
Pointer & Index Registers (SP, BP, SI, DI)
Flag Register – Stores condition flags (ZF, CF, SF, etc.)

Operating Modes

Real Mode – Can access 1 MB memory, no memory protection.
Protected Mode (introduced in later x86 CPUs).

Applications of 8086

Early Personal Computers (IBM PC used the 8088, a variant of 8086).
Embedded Systems.
Automated Control Systems.
Basic Computing Devices.

Difference Between 8085 and 8086

Feature	8085	8086
Bit Size	8-bit	16-bit
Address Bus	16-bit (64 KB)	20-bit (1 MB)
Registers	6	14
Speed	3 MHz	5–10 MHz
Pipelining	No	Yes

Summary

The Intel 8086 was a revolutionary 16-bit microprocessor, introducing segmentation, pipelining, and a larger address space. It paved the way for modern x86 architecture, which is still used in today’s computers! 🚀