---
title: "Basic SQL Query"  
description: "There are lots of SQL commands which are used in database. Here we will try to  explore all the SQL commands with help of SQL Query.Data Definition La"  
author: "Anonymous User"  
published: 2011-07-04  
updated: 2020-03-04  
canonical: https://www.mindstick.com/articles/550/basic-sql-query  
category: "database"  
tags: ["database"]  
reading_time: 3 minutes  

---

# Basic SQL Query

There are lots of SQL commands which are used in database. Here we will try to

\

explore all the SQL commands with help of [SQL Query](https://www.mindstick.com/forum/529/rename-table-name-and-column-name-using-sql-query).

## Data Definition Language (DDL) Command:

· **CREATE:** Create command is used for creating database structure.

##### Example:

```
CREATE TABLE CREATE_COMMAND_EXAMPLE(-- CREATE COLUMN NAME OF
TABLE  <CREATE_COMMAND_EXAMPLE>ID INT,NAME  VARCHAR(20),USER_ADDRESS VARCHAR(20),DOB DATE)
```

\

· **ALTER:** Alter command is used for altering database structure.

##### Example:

```
  ----//
ADD ADDITIONAL COLUMN NAME MOBNOALTER TABLE CREATE_COMMAND_EXAMPLE ADD  MOBNO VARCHAR(10)
```

**·DROP:** Drop command is used for delete object from database.used for delete

\

object from database.

##### Example:

```
  ----//
DROP TABLE FROM DATABASEDROP TABLE CREATE_COMMAND_EXAMPLE
```

· **TRUNCATE:** [Truncate command](https://www.mindstick.com/forum/34655/what-is-the-difference-in-drop-delete-and-truncate-command-in-sql-server) is used for remove all record form tables,

including all spaces allocated for the records are removed.

##### Example:

```
  ------// TRUNCATE ALL VALUES FROM TABLETRUNCATE TABLE CREATE_COMMAND_EXAMPLE
```

· RENAME: Rename command are used for rename object name.

**Example:**

```
----// HERE USED STORED PROCEDURE TO RENAME THE
TABLEEXEC SP_RENAME 'CREATE_COMMAND_EXAMPLE' ,'RENAME_COMMAND_TABLE'
```

· **COMMNET:** Comment command are used for [add comments](https://answers.mindstick.com/qa/96516/how-can-you-add-comments-to-a-cell-in-excel) to data dictionary.

**Example:**

--THIS IS COMMENT COMMAND USED IN [SQL SERVER](https://www.mindstick.com/articles/34/create-table-in-microsoft-sql-server)

(Double hyphen used for comment command )

##### Data Manipulation Language(DML) Command:

· **SELECT:** Select command is used for select [data from database](https://www.mindstick.com/forum/34370/how-to-populate-google-charts-using-data-from-database-created-via-data-first-asp-dot-net-mvc) table.

**Example:**

```
  -----
SELECT ALL DATA FROM RENAME_COMMAND_TABLE TABLESELECT * FROM RENAME_COMMAND_TABLE    
```

· **INSERT:** Insert command is used for [insert data](https://www.mindstick.com/forum/172/how-v-insert-data-into-table-and-display-into-gridview-in-aspx-cs-file-with-out-using-wizard) into [database table](https://www.mindstick.com/forum/159366/how-to-test-regular-expressions-in-sql-without-using-database-table).

**Example:**

```
   --- INSERT DATA INTO TABLE RENAME_COMMAND_TABLEINSERT INTO RENAME_COMMAND_TABLE VALUES ('101','ARUN SINGH','ALLAHABAD','6 JULY 1989')                                                  
```

· **DELETE:** Delete command is used for deletes all records from a table, the space

for the records remain.

**Example:**

```
--- DELETE ALL DATA FROM TABLE RENAME_COMMAND_TABLEDELETE FROM RENAME_COMMAND_TABLE
```

· **UPDATE:** Update command is used for updates existing data into database

table.

Example:

```
-- UPDATE COLUMN DATA EITHER USE OF WHERE CLAUSE
OR WITHOUT ANY CONDITIONUPDATE RENAME_COMMAND_TABLE SET ID = '102'               
```

· **MERGE:** Merge command is for merge data within database table perform

insert, update command.

##### Example:

```
---- HERE WE WANT TO DELETE
THAT  RECORD WHERE STUDENT HAVE MORE THAN 360 MARK FROM STUDENT_MARK MERGE STUDENT_MARKS AS STMAUSING (SELECT * FROM STUDENT_DETAIL) AS STDEON STMA.[SID]= STDE.[ID]WHEN MATCHED AND STMA.MARK > 360 THEN DELETE;
```

· **LOCKTABLE:** [Lock table](https://www.mindstick.com/interview/637/can-i-use-lock-table-on-a-view) command is used for [concurrency control](https://www.mindstick.com/forum/160902/how-does-sql-server-manage-concurrency-control) within database.

##### Example:

```
--- SELECT TABLE STUDENT_MARKS WITH LOCK SELECT * FROM STUDENT_MARKS WITH (HOLDLOCK)
```

##### Data Control Language (DCL) Command:

· **GRANT:** Grant command is used for gives user’s access privileges to database.

##### Example:

```
   --- SYNTAX--- GRANT EXEC ON <OBJECT NAME LIKE STORED
PROCEDURE> TO <USER NAME>GRANT EXEC ON USP_CALTABLETEST TO 'ARUN'
```

· **REVOKE:** Revoke command is used for withdraw access privileges given with the GRANT command.

##### Example:

```
---- use master database to revokeuse mastergoREVOKE VIEW SERVER STATE FROM sa
```

---

Original Source: https://www.mindstick.com/articles/550/basic-sql-query

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