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Basics of software Designing

Anonymous User4957 15-Sep-2015

“Design is not just what it looks like and feel like, Design is how it works!! “ – Steve Jobs. This quote tells the story itself, design is the most fundamental foundation for any successful software development. This is the process of transforming user requirement into a simpler and understandable form that helps the coders in coding and implementing the software system and solution.

For understanding user requirement we use SRS (Software Requirement Specification), similarly we need more specific document for coding and implementation, and the end result can directly be used into implementation.

Software designing helps us creating solution domain from problem domain. Software designing yields three levels of results in any software development approach. First is Architectural design, it is the highest abstract version of the system. It analyze the software as a system with many components interacting with each other. At this level, the designers get the idea of proposed solution domain

Next is the High-level design, which breaks the “single entity-multiple component” concept of architectural design into less abstracted view of sub systems and modules and identifies their interaction with each other. Here we focus on how the system and all its components can be implemented in form of Modules. It depicts modular structure of each sub system and their relation and interaction among each other

Finally we do Detail Design, here we deal with the implementation part of what is seen as a system and its sub system in the earlier two phases. It is more detailed towards modules and their implementations. We define logical structure for each module and their interfaces to communicate with other modules.

We divide a software system into multiple discrete and independent modules, which are expected to be capable of performing tasks independently. This technique is known as modularization, these modules may work as basic constructs for the entire software. Module design follow the “Divide and conquer” problem solving approach. It helps us easily maintain the smaller components and desired level of abstraction can be brought into the program. Module designing also ensures division of program based on functional aspects and helps in concurrent execution of the modules.

      In past days, software development process was based on sequential execution, i.e. if a software has multiple modules, then only one of all the modules can be found active at any time of instance. We can implement concurrency by splitting the software into multiple independent units if execution, like modules and execute them in parallel. So for efficient software development, it is important for designers to recognize those modules, which can be made to execute in parallel.

When we modularized a software program, we divide the problem into several modules on the basis of some characteristics. These modules must be so designed that the quality of a design of modules and interaction they can be properly used for the ease of the system. First we need to check the degree of intra-dependability within elements of a module, we call this Cohesion. The greater the cohesion, the better is the program design. Secondly, we need to analyze the level of inter-dependability among modules of a program, we call this Coupling. It tells at what level the modules interfere and interact with each other. The lower the coupling, the better the program.


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